Lesson administration
ADDIE Model
The stages/phases of instructional design
Classic instructional design involves five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation and is known under the acronym Addie. There are over one hundred variants of the Addie model. The contents of phases may vary depending on the context and learning model, but, in general, the activities within each phase are:
Analysis
The analysis phase is the basis of the other phases. During this phase the problem should be defined (in our case – the development of resources for teaching and learning), the sources of the problem and possible solutions that become targets of the process should be identified. This phase calls for different techniques, such as needs analysis, analysis of working conditions and tasks.
Training objectives, content and tasks lists are the results of this phase. They are elements of entry into the next phase.
Design
The Design phase lies in the development of a training strategy to achieve objectives, i.e. the results analysis phase. Among actions to be taken at this stage, we would like to mention the following: determining the characteristics of the target population, specifying the wording and the operational character of the objectives, decomposition of final objectives in the to-be-achieved sub-objectives, preparation of tasks (items) for the test, selecting media for instruction, sequencing of the training plan.
Development
Development phase is done on the basis of the first two phases. Lesson plans are built, necessary resources are designed.
Implementation
The implementation phase is the effective "delivering" of the prepared kit. During this phase the teacher ensures that the provided material is understood by the students, that the training objectives are achieved, that knowledge transfer from the place of learning into the application place occurs.
Evaluation
The evaluation phase aims at ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the given/implemented project. Evaluation covers the whole process: during the completion phase, between phases and at the end of the implementation. Two types of evaluation are mentioned: formative assessment/evaluation, which allows adjusting of the design process and summative assessment, targeting taking decisions on the elaborated product (or purchase decision or for further development)